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DICTIONARY (J)

J -- Oldest strtum of tradition or letter by which is denoted the Yahwistic document.

JAAR (jay'-ar) Ps 132:6 contains in the Psalms a poetic description of the transferal of the Ark of Covenant in this place.

JAASIEL (jay-ay'-zi-el) Commander of troops of Benjamin and son of Abner (1st Chron 27:21)

JAAZANIAH (jay-az'-a-nie'-nie'-ah)

When Gedaliah was appointed governor of Judah by Nebuchadnezzer in 587 B.C. He was a Jew of Maacha who joined others to join forces with Gedaliah (2nd Kings 25:23)

Son of Shaphan, whom among the seventy Elders of Israel, Ezekiel saw each one with a censer in his hand, in the act of idolatry (Ezek 8:7-13)

Son of Azzur, Ezekiel accused him and twenty-four others by adopting the manner of the neighboring nations by filling the city with corpses and disobeying the law of Yahweh and refusing to keep his observances. Ezekiel threatens them with dire judgment in Yahweh's name. (Ezek 11:1-12)

 

JABAL (jay'-bal) Son of Lamech and ADA In the genealogy of yahwist for the tribe of Cain. Genesis 4:20 has him as an ancestor of Tent dwellers and owner of livestock.

JABBOK -- About twenty miles north of the Dead Sea a small stream which enters the Jordan River. Num 21:24 Jacob wrestled with an angel beside this stream at a point later called Peniel Gen 32:24-31

JABESH (jay'-besh) -- King Shallum of Israel father (2nd Kings 15:10)

JABIN --

• At the Merom Brook killed by Joshua a Canaanite king of Hazor. (Josh 11:1-14)
• At the Kishon River defeated by Deborah and Barak a king of Hazor (Judg 4)

JACESH-GILEAD -- About twenty miles south of the sea of Galilee a city of Gilead Against Nahash, King of the Ammonites, King Saul defended this city (I Sam 11:1-11)

JACHIN (JAKIN AND BOAZ -- Constructed by Hiram of Tyre, two ornamental bronze pillars which stood in front of Solomon's temple at Jerusalem I Kings 7:13-22

JACINTH HYACINTH -- Perhaps the same as sapphire, a precious stone nearly pure orange in color that was used in the foundation of the heavenly city, or New Jerusalem Ex 28:19 Rev 21:20

JACKAL -- Scavenger or a wild dog that ran in packs. Samson used "foxes" to destroy crops of the Philistines. They may have been jackals. Judg 15:4

JACOB -- The second son of Isaac and Rebekah, Esau's twin brother. To escape his brother's wrath, (With his mother's help by cunning means he secured Esau's birthright and Esau's blessing from his father for the price of a pot of stew Gen 25:23-34; 27:6-29) Jacob went to find a wife in Haran. At Bethel in his route, he stopped to sleep and dreamed of a ladder with God at the top that reached to heave. He marks the place with a stone in the morning. He received Leah and Rachel, Laban's daughters, for his wives after working for him twenty years. Jacob was prosperous and decided to return with all his household but at Peniel where he was disturbed about the reception that Esau might give him. Jacob was given the name of Israel meaning "prince with God" after struggling with an angel. Gen 32:22-30 Jacob's descendants were known as descendants of Israel or know as Israelites. Jacob mourned his favorite son Joseph. He was returned to his homeland for burial Gen 37-50

JACOB'S WELL -- Jacob had dug this well and was the site where Jesus offered the Samaritan woman "living water" John 4:1-26 Near the highway from Jerusalem to Galilee this site today is associated with the ancient city of Shechem (Tell Balatah)

JAEL -- Heber the Kenite's wife who killed Sisera, who was a commander of the forces of King Jabin of Hazor Judg 4:17-22

JAIR -- Succeeding Tola, he was the eighth judge of Israel, a member of the tribe of gilead, he judged Israel for twenty-two years. He apparently had considerable standing in his community and had thirty sons Judges 10: 3-5

JAIRUS -- In a town in Galilee, Jairus was the ruler of the synagogue. He had a daughter Jesus raised from the dead Mark 5 ; Luke 8

JAMBRES -- The Egyptian pharaoh who opposed Moses Magician He is cited by Paul as one who resisted God's truth, but not cited in the Old Testament. II Tim 3:8

JAMES --

• The son of Zebedee, as one of the twelve disciples, with his two brothers, John and Peter they formed the inner circles of the three who were the closest to Jesus. They were privileged to witness the Transfiguration. After working fourteen years in the church in Jerusalem, Herod Agrippa ordered his death by decapitation and the first of the twelve to be martyred. He is believed to be buried in Santiago de Compostela in Spain. He is Spain's patron saint because legend has it, he traveled all over Spain. His symbol in church art represents the pilgrimages he made for the Lord is three shells. (Matthew 4, 10, 17; Mark 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 13, 14; Luke 5, 6, 8, 9; Acts 1, 12)
• The son of Alphaeus, little is known of the disciple who was called "James the Less" Some believe that he was possibly the brother of Matthew, and he was one of the twelve disciples. His mother’s name was Mary according to Mark 15:40 three different versions of his death.
  (1.) He was taken to the pinnacle and ordered to dissuade the assembly from belief in Christ. He preached Christ instead, and so was hurled to the ground and stoned where he fell, stoning is how according to Josephus he was martyred.
  (2.) Another one is that he was clubbed with a fuller's pole (A fuller's pole use used in a special process in the manufacture of cloth by which it is cleansed and thickened)
  (3.) It is believed that his body was sawed in pieces is why the carpenter's saw is the symbol of James the Less in Christian art. Matthew 10:27; Mark 3, 15, 16; Luke 6, 24; Acts 1
• (Some says this is the half-brother of Jesus, however if you look there was no word for cousin in the language at the time. So, Jesus had no half-brothers) James became the head of the church at Jerusalem. He went with Paul on some of his missionary journeys. He was known as James the Just because his knees were calloused like a camel from spending so much time on them in prayer. It is agreed by most that this James should not be confused with James, son of Zebedee, Non-Catholics believe that this James is the brother of Jesus who died in martyrdom in 62 or 69 AD. and is the author of the book of James in the New Testament who refers to himself as the "slave" of Jesus. The Catholics believe the “brother" of the Lords were his cousins, thus amplifying the doctrine of perpetual virginity. There was no word in the Greek language for cousin, so they used brother and James here is James, son of Aphaeus, one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus, and the son of Mary Cleophas James. (Matthew 13:55; Mark 6:3 Acts 15, 21; I Corinthians 15:7; Galatians 1:19)

EPISTLE OF -- A New Testament epistle written by James, Known for its practical application and its plain language of the gospel and practical application of the gospel to the believer's daily life. According to James the true test of Christianity is not in speaking, hearing and even believing its doctrines but it is in the living and doing of its truth. James 1:22-27 "Faith, if it hath not works, is dead" James 2:17 Equality of all people before God James 2:1-10 and the power of the tongue James 3:3-10

JANNES -- The Egyptian pharaoh, who opposed Moses, a magician of his. Paul cited him as one who resisted God's truth II Tim 3:8 He was not mentioned in the Old Testament.

JAPHETH -- One of Noah's sons who was saved on the ark Gen 5:32

JAPHIA

• One of the five Amorite kings killed by Joshua's army, The king of Lachish Josh 10:3-27
• David's son born at Jerusalem after he became king II Sam 5:15

JARMUTH -- Captured by Joshua a royal Canaanite city Josh 10:3-27 After the Exile Jarmuth was resettled by the Israelites Neh 11:29

JASHOBEAM -- Brave warriors or the chief of David's mighty men, who helped him become king and later kept his kingdom strong I Chron 11:10-11

JASON -- A citizen of Thessalonica who provided lodging for Paul and Silas and then was persecuted for it, Acts 17:5-9 Paul referred to a Jason as "my kinsman" who may be the same person. Rom 16:21

JASPER -- Possibly a type of quartz a precious stone used in the breastplate of the high priest Exodus 28:20 It was also in the foundation of the heavenly city or New Jerusalem Rev 21:19

JAVAN -- Noah's grandson and son of Japheth. Father of the Ionians, or Greeks Javan was Rev 21:19

JAVELIN (SPEAR) A dart or short spear. King Saul I Sam 19:9-10 used a javelin, also the high priest Phinehas Num 25:7

JAZER/JAAZER -- East of the Jordan River an Amorite city that was fortified II Sam 24:5 Noted for its fertile land Num 32:1 and the conquering Israelites occupied it Josh 13:24-25 Jaazer Num 21:32

JEALOUSY -- Ill feelings toward others because of their favored position or blessings. Joseph's brothers were jealous of him for being his father's favorite. Gen 37:11 As Christians we are counseled not to participate in such behavior acts. Rom 13:13

JEBUSTIES -- Israelite's tribal enemies who were descended from Canaan Gen 10:15-16 Known as Jebus at the time they controlled Jerusalem before the city was conquered by David II Sam 5:6-8 David then turned the city into his capital. During Solomon's reign Jebusites became bondservants. I Kings 9:20-21

JECHOLIAH (jek'-o-ly'-ah) -- Mother of King Azariah (uzziah) of Judah 2nd Chron 26:3 and wife of King Amaziah of Judah 2nd Kings 15:2

JEDAIAH (je-day'-yah) Personal name 1st Chron 4:37; 24:7 ; Ezra 2:36 ; Neh 11:10 ; 12:6-7 ; 12:19, 21 ; Zech 6:10, 14

JEDIDIAH -- Meaning "beloved of Jehovah" a name for Solomon Nathan the prophet bestowed it at birth. II Sam 12:25 David's sin of adultery had been forgiven as this name suggested.

JEDUTHUN/ETHAN -- When the ark of the covenant was returned to Jerusalem this Levite musician and writer of psalms I Chron 9:16 led in praise serv ices. I Chron 16:41-42 Ethan I Chron 6:44

JEHOAHAZ

• Son of Jehu: he was succeeded by his son Joash. Jehoahaz reigned as king for seven years and did evil in the sight of the Lord. (II Kings 10:35, 13; II Chronicles 25)
• Son of Josiah: He did evil in the sight of the Lord, King over Judah for three months, deposed by Pharaoh Nechoh, and taken in chains to Egypt. (II Kings 23: 30 -- 34)
• Another name for Ahaziah, king of Judah 850 B.C.

JEHOIACHIN/CONIAH/JECONIAH/JECHONIAS -- Son of Jehoiakim, reigned as king for three months, surrendered to Nebuchadnezzar, held captive in Babylonia for thirty-seven years, and then released after the death of Nebuchadnezzar. II Kings 24, 25:27; II Chronicles 36; Jeremiah 52: 31--34

JEHOLADA --

• At Hebron a military leader who apparently recruited 3,700 of his country-men to serve in the army of David (I Chron 12:27)
• Until Joash was crowned king of Judah a high priest who protected the young King Joash from Queen Athaliah The priest also led out in reducing Baal worship II Kings 11:3-21

JEHOIAKIM/ELIAKIM -- -- The Pharaoh of Egypt to Jehoiakim changed the son of Josiah, king of Judah name from Eliakim to Jehoiakim when he placed him on the throne. During the eleven-year reign of Jehoiakim the prophet was Jeremiah. He angered the king by reading his pronouncements in public, causing the king to destroy the scroll and began a persecution of the prophets. Jeremiah escaped by help from his friends at court. When Jehoiakim died three months later his son surrendered to Nebuchadnezzar. II Kings 23: 24; II Chronicles 36; Jeremiah 1, 22, 24--28, 35, 37, 45, 46, 52

JEHORAM OF ISRAEL -- Upon his death Jehoram (Joram) succeeded his older brother Ahaziah. During his trouble with Moab the prophet Elisha rebuked him, He was slain by Jehu. II Kings 1:17 ; 3:1 , 6 ; 9:24 ; II chronicles 22

JEHORAM OF JUDAH -- This king was Jehoshaphat's son, who began to reign while Jehoram was still king of Israel. The sister of the king of Israel, Athaliah was his wife. The daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, it is believed that she influenced her husband to do evil in the sight of the Lord and worship the Tyrian Baal. During this reign Edom successfully revolted against Judah. I Kings 22:50; II Kings 1:17 ; 8 ; 12 ; 18 ; II Chronicles 21 , 22:1

JEHOSHABEATH/JEHOSHEBA -- King Jehoram of Judah daughter who hid her nephew Joash form Queen Athaliah's wrath until Joash was crowned king II Chron 22:11-12 Jehosheba II Kings 11:2

JEHOSHAPHAT/JOSAPHAT -- Reigned as king of Judah 870-848 B.C. Son and successor of Asa. Jehoshaphat was a reformer like his father and sent teachers to help people learn about god and attacked idolatry II Chron 17:6-9 When he formed an alliance with King Ahab of Israel he was rebuked by the prophet Jehu. II Chron 19:1-3 Josaphat Matt 1:8

JEHOSHAPHAT, VALLEY OF -- According to the prophet Joel in the end time a place where God will judge the nations. Joel 3:2-14 It is believed to be between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives. A part of the Kidron Valley.

JEHOVAH/JAH -- In the Old Testament a translation of Yahweh that which indicated his eternity and self-existence. A Hebrew verb meaning "to be" thus the name "I am" which God used when talking to Moses. Yahweh is rendered as "Lord" Most English versions use Lord, some use the translations of Yahweh or Jehovah. Jah is the abbreviated form of the word Ps 68:4

JEHOVAH-JIREH -- Meaning "the Lord will provide" a name for God. Used by Abraham when God delivered a ram in place of Isaac as a sacrifice Gen 22:14

JEHOVAH-NISSI -- Meaning "is my banner" a name for God. To show God's victory over the Amalekites Moses used this name. Exodus 17:15-16

JEHOVAH-SHALOM -- Built by Gideon the name of an altar meaning "the Lord is peace" Judg 6:24

JEHOVAH-SHAMMAN -- Envisioned by the prophet Ezekiel, the name of a city of the future meaning "the Lord is there" Ezek 48:35

JEHOVAH-TSIDKENNU -- Used by the prophet Jeremiah the name of the coming Messiah meaning "the Lord our righteousness Jer 23:6

HEHU --

• Jehu was anointed by Elijah as the king after being a general in the army of Israel and reigned for twenty-eight years. 841-814 B.C. He gained the throne by killing King Ahab's descendants II Kings 9:2--10:36 As king Jehu carried out all the Lord's commandments as to completely destroy the house of Ahab, and all of the worshipers of Baal and the temple of Baal, however he himself failed to walk in the way of the Lord by continuing to worship the golden calves at Bethel and Dan. I Kings 19; II Kings 9, 10; II Chronicles 22
• The prophet that delivered to King Baasha of Israel a message of doom I Kings 16:1-2 For forming alliances with King Ahab he rebuked King Jehoshaphat

JEIEL (je-eye'-el)

• Prince of Reubenites and brother of Beerah (1st Chron 5:7)
• The founder of Gibeon (1st Chron 9:35)
• Personal name (1st Chron 11:44; 15:18; 2nd Chron 20:14; 26:11; 35:9; Ezra 10:43)

JEKAMIAH (jek'-a-my'-ah) Exiled when the royal family was exiled to Babylon, son of King Jechoiachin of Judah (1st Chron 3:18)

JEMIMA/JEMIMAH -- The name means "turtledove" Of Job's three daughters Jemima was the oldest of the children that had been born to him after his suffering and restoration. He had lost all his children in his suffering. Job 42:14

JEPHTHAH/JEPHTHAE -- During the reigns of the last five kings of the nation: Josiah, Jerhoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah for about forty years this major prophet of the Old Testament preached God's message of doom to the nation of Judah. Jer 1:2-3 Before he was born he was called to his prophetic ministry. Jer 1:4-10 Over the sins of Judah he wept openly Jer 9:1 He declared as punishment for its sin and idolatry the nation would fall to a foreign enemy. Jer 16:1-13 Jeremiah remained in Jerusalem while most of his countrymen were deported to Babylonia after Judah was overrun. He continued to preach to a remnant of Jewish people after he was eventually taken to Egypt. Jer 43:5-13 Jeremy Matt 2:17; 27:9 Jeremias Greek form Matt 16:14

JEPHTHAH -- Jephthah ruled Israel as its Judge for six years. He made a vow that he would sacrifice the first one who came out to meet him when he returned home from victorious over the Ammonites. The first one to come out was his daughter, it greatly troubled him, but he kept his vow, The Ephraimites had not been to call upon to fight the Ammonites, so Jephthah had difficulty with them. Judges 11; 12

JEPHUNNEH (je-fun'-nel) The father of Caleb (Numbers 13:6; 14:6 )

JERAHMEEL (je-rea'-me-el) On the southern desert of Palestine a tribe which later (1st Sam 27:10; 30:29 was absorbed into the tribe of Judah (1st Chron 2:9 25-27, 33, 42)

JEREMIAH/HEREMIAS/JEREMY -- Hilkiah, the priest from Anathoth was Jeremiah' father. As a young man and inexperienced in the days of Josiah he was called to the prophetic mission by a vision of a boiling kettle and the wind from the north blowing upon it. He interpreted the kettle to be the nation, boiling over from the wickedness and sins of the people. The wind was the enemy that would come to destroy the nation. In the marketplace in Jerusalem he preached in the face of persecution and the threat of death, he contained to warn the people that because of their wickedness their nation with Jerusalem would be destroyed unless they submitted to Babylon. During the reign of Jehoiakim he dictated the prophecies which he had been making to his scribe, Baruch, who then read them in the temple on a special occasion to the people. When word of what was going on reached the king who then had the scroll read to him and then burned it piece by piece. Jeremiah was put in stocks but soon released in custody of the palace guard for preparing a second enlarged scroll. He attempted to go to Anathoth on business but was charged with deserting the Chaldean and placed into prison during the lifting of the siege on Jerusalem. Jeremiah advised surrender to Babylon as an expediency he was aware of the crime that Babylon was committing in destroying God's people. He prophesied that Babylon would never rise again after being destroyed. When Jerusalem fell, orders from Nebuchadnezzar for the kind treatment of Jeremiah. Jeremiah elected to stay in his homeland when given the choice of either going to Babylon or staying in his homeland. The fleeing Jews compelled Jeremiah to accompany them to Egypt when Gedaliah, who had been made governor of Judah was slain. It is said that the time and place of his death was not definitely known.

JEREMIAH, BOOK OF -- An Old Testament major prophetic book noted to the nation of Judah a stern warning that it was destined to fall to the Babylonians unless the people turned back and repented to God. Jeremiah pronounced prophecies of doom against Judah 2:1-45:5and the surrounding pagan nations 46:1-51:64 after being called and assured of God's presence and guidance 1:1-19 Jeremiah closes with a description of the destruction of Jerusalem 52:1-23 and then the deportation of the influential people of Judah to Babylonia 52:24-30

JERHOSHAPHAT -- King of Judah 874-850 BC Reigned as king for 25 years, maintained a vast army, very religious, sought the Lord in all things, inaugurated a system of public instruction sending priest and levities to teach the people with the book of the law. He also established throughout the land courts of Justice. I Kings 22:41-50During the reign of Jehoshaphat in Judah an alliance brought friendly relations between Israel and Judah. The two came together to form an ally against their common enemy, Syria. Jehoshaphat worshiped Jehovah, following in the footsteps of his father, he was a good king. I Kings 22; II Kings 1:17; 3; 8:16; II Chronicles 17 - 21

JEREMOTH -- Personal name (1st Chron 7:8; 8:14; 23:23; 25:22; 27:19; Ezra 10:26, 27, 29)

JERICHO -- Near the Jordan River and the Dead Sea a fortified Canaanite city which was captured by Joshua when the Israelites entered the Promised Land (Josh 6:1-22) Jesus. encountered Zacchaeus at Jericho (Luke 19:1-10) The city had been built near the site of the Old Testament Jericho. Probable inhabited as early as 7000 B.C, making it on of the world's oldest cities. JEROBOAM I -- Jeroboam was made an overseer of building operations in Jerusalem by Solomon with industry and ability of a young man. Solomon had been warned by God for forsaking Him, He would take part of the kingdom from him. Jeroboam fled to Egypt and remained there until after Solomon’s death because Solomon sought to kill him when Solomon had learned that Ahijah, a prophet, met Jeroboam and informed him that he was destined to become king over ten of the tribes. Upon his returning he became the Ten Tribes of Israel's first king. Jeroboam ruled for twenty-two years and made Israel to sin by establishing place of worship at Bethel in the south and Dan in the north setting up images of golden calves for the people to worship, in attempt to keep the people loyal to him. The next eighteen Kings failed to have them removed. I Kings 11-15 , 21 , 22 ; II Kings 3 , 9 , 10 , 17 , 23 : II Chronicles 10-13

JEROBOAM II -- Jeroboam II the son of Joash and grandfather of Jehu reigned over Israel for forty-one years during the time of Amos and Hosea II Kings 13 - 15

JEROHAM (je-roe'-ham)

• Father of Elkanah (1st Sam 1:1)
• Father of Zebadiah (1st Chron 12:8)
• Father of Azarel head of the tribe of Dan (1st Chron 27:22)

JERUBBAAL -- When Giden destroyed the altar of Baal that had been erected by his father he was given a name of Jerubbaal (Judges 6:34)

JESSE -- The son of Obed, grandson of Ruth and Boaz, and the father of David. His family consisted of eight sons and two daughters who lived in Bethlehem. David was the youngest. 1st Sam 16:1-13 ; 17:3 ; Isa 11:1, 10 David moved his family to Moab when he had to flee from Saul. He was an ancestor of Jesus. Ruth 4 ; I Samuel 16 , 17 , 20 , 22 , 25 , : II Samuel 20

JESUS -- In Bethlehem of Judah Jesus conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. Angels heralded his birth. At twelve, taken by his parents, he visited the Temple in Jerusalem. He probably learned the trade of the carpenter from Joseph and lived in Nazareth. Baptized in the Jordan River by John the Baptist at thirty, this started his three-year ministry. Before His ascension he commissioned his disciples who were His aides. He preached salvation, performed miracles, declared Himself as the son of God and was the shepherd to those who believed he was the son of God. He was crucified on the hill of Calvary outside Jerusalem after rejected by the Jews. After dying for all man kinds sins, he rose from the dead three days later and ascended into heaven after several appearances to His loved ones. He is called many names some are "Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Prince of Peace, and Everlasting Father. Isaiah 9:6

JOAB -- He was the commander-in-chief of the army of Israel and was king David's nephew. He was confident, ambitious, and a self-centered man who disobeyed David's order when he killed the helpless Absolam. II Samuel 2, 3, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24; I Kings 1 , 2 , 11 ; I Chronicles 11 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 27

JOASH -- ( 1 ) He was hidden away as a small child when the house of Ahaziah, his father, was massacred. He was present after seven years and was crowned king of Judah. Jehoiada, the high priest had much influence on the young boy king. Judah was subject to Syria which paid a heavy tribute and then Joash was assassinated II Kings 11:21, 12; 14:13 (2 ) Judah and Israel had kings of the same names, the king of Israel was the son of Jehoahaz and father of Jeroboam II. The king of Israel was advised by the prophet Elisha as he was dying to wage war against Damascus and was victorious. He was also successful in a war with Judah II King 13:10 , 25 ; 14

JOB -- The book of Job where Job is the main character is a dramatic poem and is considered among the world's greatest literature. Everyone believes that Job had sinned, his closest friends, which caused Job to experienced such severe calamities, the loss of his cattle, his fields, his children and boils all over his body. The book of Job deals with the most difficult human problems and the reason humans suffers. When Job met the test God honored his faith by making double restitution. Job

JOEL -- Joel is called the Anonymous Prophet because we have so little information about his life. He looked forward to a glorious future for Judah and Jerusalem while living in the days of Uzziah, the king of Judah. In later chapters of Joel, he speaks of the judgment to come and the end. Acts 2:16 He is also referred to.

JOHN THE APOSTLE -- The author doesn't identify himself at the beginning of the pages but in 21:20, 24 he states that he is the "disciple whom Jesus loved" this is John the Apostle the most intimate earthly friend of Jesus 13:23; 20:2 Any other author recognized for writing John is only done to critics the Virgin Birth of Jesus, His Deity, and Bodily Resurrection. Any other author would undermine the value of the book as a Testament to the Deity of Jesus. John's father was Zebedee Mathew 4 ;21, mother was Salome Mathew 27:56; Mark 15:40 His brother James. His mother Salome who by comparing John 19:25 seems to have been a sister to Mary, Jesus' mother. This would make John a cousin of Jesus and would of know him from childhood and being about the same age. Being a cousin to Jesus would of made John the Apostle kin to John the Baptist. Luke 1:36 and would of heard of the Angelic announcement about John and Jesus Luke 1:17. 32John a business man, having been one of five partners in a fishing business that employed "hired Servants" Mark 1:16-20 in Carpernarum. John had a house in Jerusalem , John 19:27 and personnel acquaintance of the high priest John 18:15-16 He was also a disciple of John the Baptist John 1: 35 , 40 John became an immediate disciple of Jesus John 1: 35-51 He was one of the first five to go with Jesus traveling to Galilee John 2: 2 , 11 This made John an eyewitness of what is written in his Gospel. Jesus gave him a nick name of "Son of Thunder" Mark 3 :17 which may imply that he had a Vehement violent temper, but he had it under control. (1) Mark 9:38 Incident of forbidding stranger to use the name of Christ to cast out demons. (2) Luke 9:54 A desire to call down fire on the Samaritans. Both of these showed an interesting part of his nature. It is believed that he was a man of rare qualities of character to this attract the companionship of Jesus. He was recognized as the closest to Jesus as his is spoken of five times as the "disciple whom Jesus Loved." John 13:23; 19:26; 20:2; 21:7, 20, They were utterly different in disposition and generally together John and Peter became the recognized leaders of the twelve. John 20:2 Acts 3:1, 11; 4:13; 8:14. John lived in Jerusalem for many years before moving to Ephesus At Ephesus he lived a long great age where he wrote his Gospels, three Epistles and Revelation. At the cross Jesus chose John to care for his mother, Mary and gave her into John's care while he was on the cross. In 96 during the Domitian persecution, he was immersed in boiling oil but delivered unharmed from it. Also Aristrodemos, a priest of the Italian goddess Diana, challenged John to drink a chalice of poison. First John blessed the drink where upon a dragon-form of Satan flew from it, then drinking it with no harm. The Apostle Church art is a serpent rising from a chalice. John preached in his hometown of Ephesus, which had become the center of the Christian Church, and in Asia Minor. He was later banished to the island of Patmos where John was sentenced to hard labor in a quarry and believed to have written Revelation. He died an old man of natural causes. The following three books are ascribed to him, The Gospel of John , the three Epistles of John and the book of Revelation The Gospel of John is usually assigned to about A.D. 90 There are a few who believe it was written much earlier while he was still in Jerusalem, soon after the Resurrection in Hebrew and then later years issued in Greek, making the Ephesian the parent of all extant manuscripts. . Matthew 4, 10, 17; Mark 1, 3, 5, 9, 10; Luke 5, 6, 8, 9; Acts 1, 3, 4, 8, 12

JOHN THE BAPTIST -- John was Zacharias and Elizabeth promised son. He made his dwelling in the wilderness, was a Nazirite from birth and the forerunner of the Messiah, John's mother was a cousin to Jesus' mother, Mary. On his command John was imprisoned by Herod, the tetrarch of Galilee and then beheaded. Herodias' wife's daughter who had pleased Herod with her dancing, asked for the head of John the Baptist for her mother. John's disciples became the disciples of Jesus upon John's death. Matthew 3, 11, 14, 21; Mark 1, 6, 8, 11; Luke 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 16, 20; John 1, 3, 5, 10

JOHN, GOSPEL OF -- John one of the twelve disciples of Jesus wrote three short epistles of the New Testament. He probably wrote them from Ephesus about A.D. 95 The longest one of the three "First John" focused on incarnation of Christ 1st John 1:1-5 Christian discipleship 1st John 1:6-10 False teachings 1st John 2:1-8 and the meaning of love and fellowship 1st John 2:15-5:3 Second John calls on Christians to abide in the commandments of God 2nd John 1-10 and reject false teachers 2nd John 7-13 Third John commends the believers Gaius 3rd John 1-8 and Demetrius 3rd John v 12 while condemning Diotrephes 3rd John 9-11

JOKSHAN -- Abraham's son and his concubine Keturah Gen 25:1-2; I Chron 1:32

JOKTAN -- Eber's son descendant of Shem, he was an ancestor of several tribes in the Arabian desert I Chron 1:19-27

JONAH/JONAS -- A native of Gath-hepher of the tribe of Zebulun, son of Amittai He lived in the days of Jeroboam II and was Galilean prophet probably a contemporary of King Jeroboam II of Israel (786-746 B.C. He was the first unwilling Hebrew missionary Jonah is about being taken by a large fish and then cast out of the mouth of the fish. (Jonah 1: 11 -- 2:10) His mission was successful by him going to Nineveh and preach to the people of their punishment, and they repented, and God spare the city. Jonah prophesied the recovery of the territory of Israel from the pass of Hamath to the Sea of Arabah (Dead Sea) according to (2 Kings 14:25)

JONAM (joe'-nam) In the genealogy given by Luke 3:30 an ancestor of Jesus.

JONATHAN -- The son of King Saul and an intimate personal friend of David. Jonathan risked his life to save David's life. When the two friends separated, Jonathan followed his father, fought in his legions and died fighting the Philistines. Jonathan has high qualities, humble, unselfish, loyal, devout, courageous, loving and honest. I Samuel 13, 14, 18, 19, 20; II Samuel 1, 4, 9, 21

JOSEPH --

• Jacob's eleventh and favorite son by Rachel, his brothers were jealous of him and when he was seventeen, they sold him to a caravan of Midianites who took him to Egypt. To show that he had been killed the brothers dipped Joseph's coat in blood and took it back to Jacob their father. From a slave's stand in Egypt, Joseph was bought by Potiphar, a captain of Pharaoh's guard where he became the overseer of Potiphar household. Joseph was put into prison because of the false charges of Potiphar's wife. Joseph was made the chief administrator, second only to Pharaoh, because he could interpret the dreams of the Pharaoh. He was called Zaphnath paaneal by the Egyptian pharaoh Gen 41:45 Jacob and his sons had to go to Egypt because of a great famine in Canaan and was reunited with Joseph. With this beginning of the Hebrew settlement under the Pharaohs in Egypt. After one hundred- and ten years Joseph's mummy was taken and buried at Shechem by Moses. (Genesis 30--50)
• A descendant of King David, Matt 1:20, husband to Mary, the mother of Jesus, after an Angel explained to Joseph about Mary's condition Matt 1:19-25 Also with Mary when Jesus was born in Bethlehem Luke 2:16 Joseph's family had lived in Bethlehem but moved to Nazareth for the trade of a carpenter. Matt 2:13-23 There is no further reference to Joseph in the Bible after the visit to the Temple when Jesus was twelve, so many presumed to have died. (Matthew 1; 2:13; Luke 1, 2, 3, 4; John 1:45 ;  6:42)
• He prepared Jesus' body for burial and place it in his own unused tomb. He was a secret disciple of Jesus John 19:38 and a devoted man of Arimathaea (Luke 23:50-51)

JOSES -- Another name for Barnabas

JOSHUA -- Joshua from the tribe of Ephraim, son of Nun, author of the Old Testament book, Joshua. The book of Joshua is the account of the settling of the Hebrews in Canaan which Joshua was in charge of and he was Moses' aide and successor. He led the Hebrews over Jordan, commanded the armies of conquest, saw to the distribution of the land among the tribes, One of the twelve spies who were sent to report on the Land of Canaan, one of the two who came back with a good report, and had the faith that with the help of God they could conquer the land, Also referred to in Exodus 17 , 24 , 32 , 33 ; Numbers 11 , 13 , 14 , 26 , 27 , 32 ; Deuteronomy 1 , 3 , 31

JOSIAH/JOSIAS -- Amon's son was the last important king of Judah, who started his reign at the age of eight and ruled until he was thirty-one years of age. During his reign the Assyrian power to totter so Josiah took advantage of the weakening of Assyrian pushed northward with his troops to establish a united Israel. With a little success, it was soon overshadowed by the Babylonian ascendancy. During this period Josiah began a rebuilding program and while work was being conducted on the Temple some workers found an old scroll. It contained the book of the law (possible Deuteronomy) Josiah had it read publicly and used it teachings as the basis for a great religious and political reform, with the keynote being Justice of his reign. During an Egyptian invasion Josiah was killed in battle resisting. II Kings 21 -- 23; II Chronicles 33 -- 36; Jeremiah 1 ; Matt 1:10-11

JOT -- The smallest letter in the Hebrew alphabet and the English word for the jod (yod) (Matt 5:18) Jesus used it figuratively for a matter of minor importance.

JOTHAM -- Jotham the father of Ahaz and the son of Azariah (Uzziah) who all three were kings of Judah. He rebuilt one of the gates of the temple is the most that is known-ed about him. II Kings 15:16; II Chronicles 26 , 27

JUBAL -- A descendant of Cain, a son of Lamech and a skilled musician regarded as the ancestor of those who play the harp and the flute (Gen 4:21)

JUDAH --

• Jacob and Leah's fourth son, their symbol of their tribe was the lion, because their tribe was considered the king of the tribes, with always taking first position, This is the tribe that Jesus came from. Genesis 29: 35 , 37 , 38 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 49 ; I Chronicles 2 , 4 , 5 , 9 Joseph’s brother Judah interceded for him to be sold rather than be killed Gen 37:26-27 Before Joseph he offered himself as a ransom for his brother Benjamin Gen 43:8-9 ; 44:32-34 Judah’s father Jacob bestowed Reuben’s birthright on him, declaring “the scepter shall not depart from Judah” Gen 49:10 Listed as an ancestor of Christ Matt 1:2-3 and called Juda in Luke’s ancestry Luke 3:33 In the New Testament Judah is spelled Juda Heb 7:14
• The nation of Judah was founded after Solomon’s death, it was composed largely of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, with the rebellious ten northern tribes retained the name of Israel. Rehoboam Solomon’s son was the first king of Judah, with the capital at Jerusalem I Kings 14:21 Under a succession of kings the nation drifted into idolatry and paganism. The nation turned a deaf ear to great prophets, Jeremiah and Isaiah, who tried to warn them and bring them back to worship the true God. Taken into exile after being overrun by the Babylonians about 587B.C. About 530 B.C. a remnant returned to rebuild Jerusalem II Chron 36:20-23

  JUDAS ISCARIOT -- All the twelve disciples were from Galilee except Judas, Iscariot means "man of Kerioth" a town in southern Judea. Judea hung himself from overcoming in grief after he sold Jesus to the high priests and Jesus was condemned. He sold Jesus for thirty pieces of silver, the price of a slave. Judas symbol is a row of thirty cons above a rope coiled to make the letter J. Matthew 10, 26, 27; Mark 3 ; Luke 6:22 ; John 6 , 12 , 13 , 18

  JUDE -- This disciple was known by many different names, why he had so many is unknown, whatever name he was using it was always listed next to Simon's. Jude, Judas, Lebbaeus, and Thaddeus. They may of been related to each other or just friends. In John 14:22 He asks Jesus a question "How is it that thou wilt manifest thyself unto us, and not unto the world" Jude's symbol in art is a sailboat which serves to represent him as a traveler during his work for Christ, He is supposed to have been sent to Mesopotamia, Arabia, Syria, Persia (Iran today) and Edessa. He was killed with arrows and believed to be buried in St. Peter's (Matthew 10:3; Mark 3:18 2 ; I Kings 1 ; I Chronicles 17)  Temples with many copies being sent to the Synagogue. With the invention of printing the danger of errors was reduced. Then with the results of the work of Scholars in comparing the various manuscripts there is a recognized Hebrew text known as Massoretic.

JUDGES OF ISRAEL

• Othniel ---------------------------Judges 3:9-10
• Thud------------------------------Judges 3:15-30
• Shamgar --------------------------Judges 3:31
• Deborah and Barak ---------------Judges 4:4-8
• Gideon ----------------------------Judges 6:11-40
• Abimelech -------------------------Judges 9:1-54
• Tola -------------------------------Judges 10:1-2
• Jair --------------------------------Judges 10:3-5
• Jephthah ---------------------- ----Judges 12:1-7
• Ibzan ----------------------- ------Judges 12:8-10
• Elon -------------------------------Judges 12:11-12
• Abdon ----------------------------Judges 12:13-15
• Samson ---------------------------Judges 15:20
• Eli -------------------------------- 1st Sam 4:15-18
• Samuel --------------------------- 1st Sam 7:15
• Samuel's sons -------------------- 1st Sam 8:1-3
• Bedan ----------------------------1st Sam 12:11

JUDGEMENT -- Against human activities divine retribution. Designed to punish evil is God's judgment. Exod 20:5 correct the misguided II Sam 7:14-15 and deter His people from wrongdoing Luke 13:3-5 An expression of his chastening love for the believer is His judgment. Heb 12:5-6 The authority to judge all mankind has been given to Jesus John 5:27; Acts 17:31 To avoid condemnation believe in Jesus John 3:16-17

JUDGMENT, LAST --

JULIA -- The apostle Paul sent greetings to this female believer at Rome Rom 16:15

JULIUS -- Paul and other passengers during their trip to Rome was guarded by this Roman soldier Acts 27

JUNIA (JUNIAS) -- Greeted and commended by Paul this fellow believer at Rome Rom 16:7

JUNIPER (BROOM) -- It was used for charcoaling a bush with dense twigs Ps 120:4

JUPITER (ZEUS) -- Roman mythology chief god and a name applied to Barnabas by the superstitious citizens of Lystra Acts 14:12 Aeus was the Greek name for this god.

JUSTICE -- Fair and impartial treatment; righteousness, It is a characteristic of God's nature Deut 32:4 Descriptive of Christ Acts 3:14 and believers Heb 12:14 God's justice is fair and merciful Acts 17:31

JUSTIFICATION -- The event or act of when God both declares and makes a person right or just with Him Rom 5:9 It is not accomplished by personal merit of good works Gal 2:16 God's-grace through personal faith in Christ. Eph 2:8-9 It is to have hop for eternity and peace with God Titus 3:5-7

JUSTUS -- The apostle Paul lodged this friend and believer at Corinth. Acts 18:7



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